Mamal Fm
Type Locality and Naming
[Original Publication: Kapoor, H.M. and Shah, S.C. 1976. Lower Permian in Kashmir Himalaya-a discussion. Miscellaneous Publications Geological Survey of India, 41(1): 115-124.]
Lithology and Thickness
Tuffs and Shale. It is a 325 m thick sequence consisting of novaculite, limestone at base, followed by plant bearing tuffs (45 m), unfossiliferous pinkish shale (150 m) and purple sandstone, shale and sandstone beds.
Relationships and Distribution
Lower contact
The Mamal Formation rests over the Panjal Volcanics Fm along a sharp and irregular contact.
Upper contact
At Mamal village the sequence passes into the overlying Zewan Fm.
Regional extent
Kashmir Basin
GeoJSON
Fossils
Plant fossils are: Glossopteris spp., Lepidostrobus kashmirensis, Parashenophyllum sp., Lobatannularia spp., Rajahia sp., Kashmiropteris meyenii, Pecopteris sp., Rhabdotaenia sp., Schizoneura sp., Sphenophyllum sp., Sphenopteris sp., Gangamopteris kashmirensis, Noeggerathiopsis sp., Sygmophyllum sp., Vertebaria,
Arthropods: Cockroach fossils (Kapoor et al., 1993); Vertebrates: Archegosarus ornatus, Actinodon risinensis and Lysipterygium sp. (Kapoor and Maheshwari, 1991).
Age
Depositional setting
The Mamal Formation and other plant beds were deposited in a series of lakes (Kapoor et al., 2004).
Additional Information